The four flashpoints of small boats bill as Rishi Sunak faces Tory rebellion lead by Theresa May© Provided by The i

Controversial plans to address the small boats crisis are set to become UK law after the Government defeated a final challenge posed by the House of Lords.

In a drama-fuelled night, the Tory frontbench successfully thwarted five further challenges from peers in Westminster, including modern slavery protections and child detention limits.

The Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Rev Justin Welby – who has heavily criticised the bill – dropped his demand for a statement on tackling the refugee problem and human trafficking to the UK after MPs rejected a similar proposal.

This unexpected conclusion to the parliamentary struggle over the reforms – which had threatened to continue until the summer recess – now clears the path for the bill to receive Royal Assent.

The new laws play a central role in Rishi Sunak’s strategy to deter people from making dangerous Channel crossings in small boats.

They aim to prevent people from claiming asylum in the UK if they arrive via unauthorised means.

Additionally, the Government hopes these changes will expedite the removal of detained individuals either to their home country or to Rwanda, which is currently undergoing a legal challenge. 

Similarly, the Government was accused of seeking to inflict a “punishment beating” on peers for challenging the proposals.

Ministers urged the Lords to allow the bill through the Commons, with Home Office minister, Lord Murray of Blidworths, saying small boats had “overwhelmed” the UK’s asylum system, costing taxpayers £6m per day for accommodation provisions.

He said: “With over 45,000 people making dangerous Channel crossings last year this is simply no longer sustainable.

“If people know there is no way for them to stay in the UK, they won’t risk their lives and pay criminals thousands of pounds to arrive here illegally.

“It is therefore only right that we stop the boats and break the business model of the criminal gangs exploiting vulnerable people, ultimately enabling the Government to have greater capacity to provide a safe haven for those at risk of war and persecution.”

Dr Welby agreed on the need to stop perilous small boat crossings but said he cannot see how this bill does it.

“The problem with the bill is that it has not started at the right place,” he said.

“Where it needed to start with is to have a level of national consensus and agreement on what the aim of our migration policy and immigration policy is in the long-term.” Story by Connie Dimsdale, The I

The UK’s export credit agency (ECA) is backing €422mn in loans for infrastructure upgrades in Zanzibar, in a move it says will open up millions of pounds worth of export opportunities for the UK’s construction sector.

The financing, signed with Tanzania’s finance and planning ministry, is made up of two facilities.

A €180mn deal arranged through Citi will support the expansion and modernisation of Pemba Airport – the smaller of two airports on the Zanzibar archipelago – to substantially increase passenger capacity and enable it to receive international flights. Works include a runway extension, new terminal buildings and other new infrastructure including a control tower.

Currently, only Abeid Amani Karume airport, located on the main island of Unguja, can accommodate large aircraft. In a statement, UK Export Finance (UKEF) says that the new project will “unlock the economic potential” of Pemba by allowing overseas passengers to reach it directly.

The €180mn is made up of a mixture of lending from Citi which is enabled by a UKEF buyer credit loan guarantee, and direct lending from UKEF issued through Citi, and includes the premium charged by UKEF.

The second facility is a €242mn deal arranged through Deutsche Bank to improve a total of 103km of road infrastructure in Zanzibar, both to reduce congestion as well as support greater connectivity across Pemba and Unguja. Like the Citi deal, it is also structured as a combination of lending from Deutsche Bank backed by a UKEF buyer credit loan guarantee, and direct lending from UKEF.

Both projects are being carried out through a joint venture between international infrastructure and construction firm Propav and Mwananchi Engineering Contracting Company, a local company.

As well as boosting Zanzibar’s island economy, which draws around a quarter of its annual GDP from tourism, UKEF says the terms of its support mean the two projects will lead to over £100mn in supply contracts for UK companies. Overall, the ECA has a total risk appetite of up to £2bn with which it can support buyers in Tanzania interested in UK exports. Last year, UK exports to Tanzania reached just £275mn.

“Good local infrastructure is key to encouraging businesses to invest and work with local suppliers,” says Nigel Huddleston, the UK’s minister for international trade. “This deal will support crucial development across Zanzibar, unlock new opportunities for UK companies in Africa, and grow sectors that will create jobs and boost the economy across our nations.”  BY ELEANOR WRAGG, Global Trade Review

Kenya’s President William Ruto has found himself between a rock and hard place as business and religious leaders push for a political truce to end the latest wave of political unrest while hawkish politicians in his ruling party demand the jailing of opposition leader Raila Odinga for his role in the anti-government protests.

Widespread protests over the high cost of living and increased taxes on Wednesday left more than 10 people dead and shut down the economy in the major towns and cities.

At least six people were shot dead by police last Friday during the demonstrations staged to coincide with the Saba Saba Day, informally marked every July 7 to celebrate the achievements of the pro-democracy movement that agitated for an end to the single-party rule.

Mr Odinga’s Azimio One Kenya Alliance coalition has called for more protests on Wednesday next week to ramp up the pressure on the Ruto administration to lower the cost of living, review the taxes introduced through the Finance Act and address its grievances over electoral justice and defections by opposition Members of Parliament to the government side.

But business lobbies are concerned a prolonged period of protests and uncertainty may cause the economy to collapse, estimating losses from closures and looting on Wednesday alone at Ksh3 billion ($21 million).

Wednesday’s protests were the worst in terms of their effect on the economy on a single day and national security since March when Mr Odinga’s Azimio One Kenya Alliance coalition launched its civil disobedience programme.

Demonstrations were witnessed in more than 20 of the country’s 47 counties while sections of the Mombasa-Nairobi highway used by truckers to transport goods to Kenya’s landlocked neighbours such as Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Southern Sudan from the port of Mombasa were blocked for the better part of the day.

They also sparked a flare-up of ethnic tension at the border of Kisumu and Kericho counties where media reports said at least two people were killed in bow and arrow attacks.

A religious leaders’ forum, bringing together clergy from the Catholic and Protestant churches, on Thursday warned that the new wave of social unrest threatens the country’s political stability and appealed to President Ruto to review the new tax policies.

“We fear that the growing sense of hopelessness will push the country into instability and possibly violence,” said the clergy in a statement signed by representatives of the Kenya Conference of Catholic Bishops and the National Council of Churches of Kenya.

The clergy, who alongside US Senator Chris Coons played a crucial role in the initiation of bipartisan talks to end the March protests, also called on Mr Odinga to reconsider the mass action.

But President Ruto finds himself in a similar situation to the one in April when he said a number of his political allies opposed any rapprochement with the veteran opposition leader, whom he beat by a narrow margin in the August 2022 election.

The radical wing of his United Democratic Alliance (UDA) party opposed to the truce gravitates around Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua.

On Thursday, the president addressed public meetings in parts of his political strongholds in the Mt Kenya region where ruling party politicians, including Mr Gachagua, told him never to consider any truce with Mr Odinga and called for the opposition leader’s arrest and imprisonment.

Will president Ruto ignore them a second time? The ruling UDA has warned that it will mobilise its supporters to counter anti-government protests next week.

However, Azimio la Umoja leadership has vowed to shut down the economy next week, announcing that the protests will be held for three consecutive days — Wednesday, Thursday and Friday to inflict maximum pain.

The violence that was witnessed on Wednesday has raised alarm among the business community who lost millions of shillings due to looting and destruction of property, among them the expressway, which motorists pay toll charges to use. - OTIENO OTIENO, The EastAfrican